A serious mosquito-borne illness with travel entry requirements
Yellow fever is a potentially life-threatening viral disease spread by infected mosquitoes in parts of South America and Africa. Although rare for most travelers, it’s important to understand the symptoms, vaccination requirements, and how to protect yourself.
What Are the Symptoms?
Symptoms usually appear 3–6 days after a mosquito bite, and early signs include:
-
Fever
-
Chills
-
Headache
-
Back pain
-
Muscle aches
About 15% of people with yellow fever develop more serious complications such as:
-
Internal bleeding
-
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin/eyes)
-
Organ failure
-
Shock
-
In some cases, death
Who Is at Risk?
Travelers to certain parts of South America and Africa are at risk and may be required to show proof of vaccination.
Key facts about the yellow fever vaccine:
-
You’ll receive a yellow card (International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis – ICVP)
-
Some countries require proof of vaccination for entry
-
Others require proof only if you’ve been in a high-risk country recently
-
The vaccine becomes valid 10 days after it’s administered
-
Plan ahead: schedule your vaccine appointment at least 10 days before departure
The order of travel can impact whether proof is required—especially if visiting multiple countries.
How to Protect Yourself
-
Get vaccinated before traveling to at-risk areas
-
Use insect repellent with at least 30% DEET
-
Wear long sleeves and pants
-
Stay in air-conditioned or screened accommodations
Travel Tip: Always check entry requirements for each country on your itinerary—some may deny entry without proof of yellow fever vaccination.
